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七年级英语语法:动词时态和语态讲解

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  4) 带复合宾语的动词在改为被动语态时,一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语,宾语补足语保留在谓语后面。We always keep the classroom clean.

  (比较:The classroom is always kept clean.)

  5)主动形式表示被动意义的词。常见的有:

  a.主动形式,这时动名词同句中的主语有动宾关系。

  The children need looking after.

  The windows wants /requires repairing.

  This point deserves mentioning.

  b.有些及物动词后须加副词 (如:well, easily等), 有些可不加,如:act, clean, cut, draw, lock, open, play, read, sell, shut, strike, wash, write 等。

  The cloth washes/ sells well.

  The door won’t shut. The play won’t act.

  c. 形容词worth后直接加动名词时,如:The book is worth reading twice.

  某些作表语的形容词后,用不定式主动形式表示被动意义。

  The fish is not fit to eat.

  d. 某些感官动词(如:feel, look, prove, smell , sound, taste, wear等) 与形容词连用时:The water feels very cold.

  The dish tastes delicious.

  6) 以下动词构成的句子不能改为被动句:

  a. 动词leave, enter, reach 等的宾语是表示处所、地点(国家、团体,组织、军队)等。

  b. 表示状态的动词,如:become, benefit, cost, contain, equal, fit, fail, have, lack, last, mean, suit, look like等。

  c. 下列不及物动词及短语:appear, belong to , break out, die, happen, lie, occur, rise, take place, agree with, belong to, consist of , have on, keep up with 及一些固定词组,如 keep words, lose heart, make a face等。 

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  d. 宾语是反身代词,相互代词,同源代词,不定式,动名词,抽象名词等。

  7)汉语有一类句子不出现主语,在英语中一般可用被动结构表示。如:

  据说…… 希望……

  据推测说… 必须承认……

  必须指出… 众所周知……

  有人会说….. 大家认为…..

  有人相信……

  there be 小结

  1. 基本结构 :There be +主语 + 地点 /时间状语。如: There is a computer in the room. 房间里有一台电脑。 There are two TV plays every evening. 每晚有两场电视剧。

  2. 主谓一致: 要采取就近一致原则,和* 近be的主语一致。如: There is a pen, two rulers in the box. 盒子里有一只钢笔,两把尺子。There are two boys and a teacher at the school gate. 门口有两个男孩,一个老师。

  3. 主语后的动词形式:在there be 句型中,主语与动词是主动关系时用现在分词;是被动关系时用过去分词。如: There is a purse lying on the ground. 地上有一个钱包。There are five minutes left now. 现在还有5分钟。

  4. 反意疑问句。反意疑问句应与there be对应,而不是依据主语。如:There is a radio on the table, isn't there? 桌子上有一台收音机,是吧? There are more than fifty classes in your school, aren't there? 你们班有50多名学生,是吧?

  5. there be 与have的替换:there be表示所属时可与have替换。 There is nothing but a book in my bag. =I have nothing but a book in my bag. 包里只有一本书。

  6. there be后接不定式时常用主动形式表示被动意义。如:There is a lot of work to do. 有许多工作要做。注意:当该句型主语是something, anything, nothing等不定代词时,后面的不定式用主动形式或被动形式,意义各不同。 There is nothing to do. 没有事可做。 There is nothing to be done. 没有办法(束手无策)。

  7. 与其它词连用,构成复合谓语。如:There may be a rain this afternoon. 今天下午可能有雨。There used to be a cinema here before the war. 战争之前,这儿有一家电影院。

  8. 变体 there be结构中的be有时可用live, stand, remain等代替。如:Once there lived a king who cared more about new clothes than anything else. 从前有位国王喜欢新服胜过别的任何东西。

  9. 习惯用语:There is no good /use (in) doing sth. 做某事没有好处/用处;There is not a moment to lose. 一刻也不能耽误。例如:There is no good making friends with him. 和他交朋友没有什么好处。 He is very ill. Send him to hospital. There's not a moment to lose. 他病得厉害,把他送到医院去,一刻也不能耽误。

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