③ affect vt. 影响，对……有坏影响;(疾病)侵袭;假装;喜欢
(回归课本P9) Smoking in a park doesn’t affect other people in the same way.
在公园吸烟不会以同样的方式影响别人。
【归纳总结】
【例句探源】
①Peter Taylor finds out how computers and the Internet are going to affect our lives.
彼得?泰勒试图弄清计算机和互联网将如何影响我们的生活。
②(牛津P31)They were deeply affected by the news of her death.
她死亡的消息使他们唏嘘不已。
③(2010年高考辽宁卷)The experiment showed that our body clocks are affected by light and temperature.
这项实验表明我们的生物钟受光线和温度的影响。
④She was affected with high fever.
她发高烧。
affect，effect，influence
三个词都有“影响”的意思。
(1)affect指“产生的影响之大足以引起反应”，着重“影响”的动作，有时含有“对……产生不利影响”的意思。
(2)effect作“影响”讲时，通常用作名词，构成have an effect on“对……有影响”。effect作动词时，指“使(某事物)产生;使发生;引起”，着重“造成”一种特殊的效果。
(3)influence指“通过说服、举例等对行动、思想、性格等产生不易觉察到的、潜移默化的影响”。
【易混辨析】
①The games don’t have a(n) _effect on grownups but affect students a great deal.
②Influenced by a high school biology teacher，he took up the study of medicine.
③This book effected a change in my opinion.
5.Critics believe that the control of television by mass advertising has ________the quality of the programs.
A.lessened B.declined
C.affected D.effected
解析：选C。句意为：批评家认为电视被大量的广告所控制，这影响了节目的质量。affect常指不好的影响;lessen“减少”;decline“降低”，指力量、权力、数量等的削减;effect“引起;产生”，只有affect符合句意。
【即境活用】
④ recognise vt. 辨认出;认出;认识到;认知
(回归课本P19)Participants learn to recognise smoking triggers...
参与者学会分辨吸烟的诱因……
【归纳总结】
recognise sb./sth.as/to be承认某人/物是……;认出某人/物是……
It’s recognised that...人们意识到……
①Salera came home so thin and weak that her own children hardly recognised her.
赛莉娅回家时又瘦又弱，连她自己的孩子都几乎认不出她来了。
②He is recognised as the head of the company.
他被认为是公司的领导。
③It was recognised that he was not qualified for the work.
人们认识到他做这项工作不合格。
【例句探源】
recognise，know
(1)recognise 指把原来认识的人/物再次“辨认出”，是非延续性动词。
(2)know“认识并熟悉某人/物”，是延续性动词。
①Sometimes we can’t recognise,_one’s voice on the phone even though we know him/her.
②I know him so well that I can recognise his steps.
【易混辨析】
6.(2010年高考辽宁卷)Alexander tried to get his work________in the medical circles.
A.to recognize B.recognizing
C.recognize D.recognized
解析：选D。句意：Alexander试图使自己的工作在医学界得到认可。本题考查非谓语动词作宾补。get sth.done表示使某事物被做，如get my hair cut表示理发;get her finger burnt表示她的手指被烧伤。
【即境活用】
★7.—Oh，it’s you，Alice.I________you.You look much thinner than before.
—Not surprising.I’m on a diet.
A.didn’t recognize B.hadn’t recognized
C.haven’t recognized D.don’t recognize
解析：选A。本题强调是刚才没认出，故用一般过去时态。
⑤ break into 闯入，破门而入;突然……起来
(回归课本P13) The next day，I broke into a house and stole a television and a video recorder.
第二天，我闯入一户人家，偷了一台电视机和一台录像机。
break out突然爆发
break up打碎;拆散;分解
结束,break in打断(谈话); 突然闯入(in是副词) break through突破
break down瓦解，损坏，分解;机器坏了;失败;身体垮了
break away from摆脱(束缚);克服(习惯)
break off中断，折断，突然停止
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【归纳总结】
①Thieves broke into our house while we were away on holiday.
我们外出度假时，小偷闯入了我们家。
②On hearing the news that the war was over ，the old woman broke into tears.
听到战争结束的消息，老人突然哭了起来。
③Don’t break into their conversation;they are discussing something important.
不要打断他们的谈话，他们正在讨论重要的事情。
【例句探源】
break into，break in
两者都有“闯入”之意。break into中，into是介词，后需接宾语;break in 是不及物动词短语，其中in是副词，不接宾语。另外，break into还有“突然……起来”之意，相当于burst into;break in还可以表示“插嘴”等。
①We had to break_into the house as we had lost the key.
②Never break_in while others are talking.
【易混辨析】
8.(2010年海南三亚模拟)You’ll________sooner or later if you keep working like that.
A.break off B.break down
C.break into D.break out
解析：选B。句意：如果你继续那样工作，身体迟早会垮掉的。break down“垮掉”，符合题意。
【即境活用】
★9. Scientists hope to________soon in their fight against the H1N1 flu virus.
A.break up B.break out
C.break through D.break in
解析：选C。句意为：科学家们希望能尽快在应对甲型H1N1流感病毒方面有所突破。break up“分解，打破”;break out“发生，爆发”;break through“突破”;break in“闯入，打断(谈话)”，据句意可知答案为C。
⑥ give up 放弃;交出，让出;认输
(回归课本P13)And here are some ideas to help people to give up smoking.
这儿有一些帮助人们戒烟的方法。
give away分发;放弃;泄露
give back归还;恢复
give forth发出(气味、声音等);发表
give in屈服;让步;同意
give off发出(蒸汽、光等)
give out分发，发出(气味、热等);发表，用完，耗尽;精疲力竭
【归纳总结】
①When Ed left ，she gave up hope of ever marrying.
埃德离开时，她彻底放弃了结婚的希望。
②In the crowded bus ，the young people gave up their seats to the old people.
在拥挤的公共汽车上，年轻人把座位让给老年人。
③The doctor told him to give up smoking and drinking.
医生要他戒烟戒酒。
④She has never given up her secrets to others.
她从不把秘密透露给别人。
【例句探源】
10.We haven’t heard from her for long，so we give her________for dead.
A.out B.in
C.up D.away
解析：选C。give out“用完，用尽”;give in“让步，投降”;give up“放弃，不抱希望”;give away“泄露，分发”。由句意可知，此处指“对她不抱任何希望”，故答案为C。
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