Unit14 Festivals
一、课文背景知识
你可能知道圣诞节,春节和斋月节,教师节,儿童节等,在节日里人们相互祝愿,共同分享成果等,真实开心极了。
节日的内容和意义各不相同。本单元讲的就是在美国的黑人自己过的节日。美国黑人拥有悠久的历史和丰富的文化,但宽扎文化节却是一个非常年轻的节日。宽扎文化节诞生于1966年,当时,毛拉.卡伦格博士创建了一个新的节日以便美国黑人能够庆祝他们的历史和文化。毛拉.卡伦格博士用了斯瓦希里人语中表示“第一个果”的单词,斯瓦希里语是非洲最大的语种。卡伦格博士之所以选择这个词是因为在非洲很多节日都是被称作“第一果”的节日。非洲的第一果节日有很多相同之处:人们总是聚集到一起庆祝他们的丰收;为他们的生活和丰收而表示感谢;人们常常对他们的祖先表示尊敬,对他们的过去,以及他们生活的团体和社会表示庆祝。节日是庆祝文化和历史的一种方式,是建设社团的一种方式,也是庆祝新年的一种方式。
卡伦格博士是如此的喜欢非洲人的节日特色以至于他用这些写出了宽扎文化节的七个原则。
人们庆祝宽扎节是从12月26日到元月1日。日期选定在圣诞节之后的一天开始到元旦的那天结束。这样,庆祝宽扎节的人们就能尽情享受节日带来的快乐,不需要再为圣诞节的商业活动而去操心了。由于宽扎文化节是一个既娱乐又学习的时间,所以,人们常常每天点着蜡烛讨论宽扎节的原则,以此来庆祝这个节日。蜡烛常常由家中最小的孩子点燃。在宽扎文化节的最后一天,家庭成员和朋友们聚集在一起进餐,庆祝新年。
创立新节日似乎好象是庆祝历史和文化的不寻常方式,但是,事实上我们每年都在创建新节日,节假日总是在不停地改变着。当我们在庆祝他们的时候,我们是在新的历史篇章上发展我们的文化。春节、圣诞节、斋月节、宽扎文化节以及其他的一些节假日让我们更加了解自己,让我们记住我们来自何处,并且还让我们共同分享对未来美好的憧憬。
二、疑难详解
1. Kwanzaa is a seven-day festival celebrating the culture and history of African Ameiricans. 宽扎文化节是美国黑人庆祝自己文化和历史的节日,前后持续七天。
[问]the culture and history of African Americans 是做celebrating的宾语吗?[答]是的。例如:Can you tell us why you want to stay here and what you will do when you stay here?你能告诉我你为什么要呆在这里及你想呆在这儿做什么吗?
2. The week following Christmas Day, many African -American families get together to greet the new year and think about the past.圣诞节之后的那个星期,许多美国黑人家庭聚集在一起相互问候新年并回忆过去。[问]to greet the new year and think about the past 是两个不定式短语作目的状语吗?[答]是的。请看下面两个例句:1、We could get there to have the meeting on time. 我们可以准时到哪儿开会。2、The boy said slowly to let me know clearly about what had happened. 哪个小孩讲得和年慢目的是让我对所发生的事情一目了然。
3. Kwanzaa was born in 1966, when Dr Maulana Karenga created a new festival so that African -Americans would be able to celebrate their history and culture. 宽扎文化节诞生于1966年,当时,毛拉.卡伦格博士创建了一个新的节日以便美国黑人能够庆祝他们的历史和文化。
[问]when Dr Maulana Karenga created a new festival so that African-Americans would be able to celebrate their history and culture是什么从句?
[答]非限定性的定语从句。引导词when在定语从句中作时间状语。如:1、He was born in 1949, when China was liberated by the PLA. 他出生于1949年,中国人民解放军在那是解放了中国。
4. Dr Karenga chose the word because there are many festivals in Africa called "the first-fruit"festivals. 卡伦格博士之所以选择这个词是因为在非洲很多节日都是被称作“第一果”的节日。
[问]如何解释because结构和called the first -fruit 结构?
[答]because 引导的从句在句中作原因状语,called the first -fruit 结构?[答]beause 引导的从句在句中作原因状语,called过去分词短语在句中作定语。如:This is the student nameed Jack. 这就是名叫Jack. 这就是名叫Jack的那个学生。
5. The African first fruit festivals had many things in common: people would get together to celebrate their harvest; people would get together to celebrate their harvest; people used to give thanks for their harvests and for life; people used to honour their harvests and for life; people used to honour their ancestors, celebrate their past, and the group or society they lived in.
非洲的第一果节日有很多相同之处:人们总是聚集到一起庆祝他们的丰收;为他们的生活和丰收而表示感谢;人们常常对他们的祖先表示尊敬,对他们的过去,以及他们生活的团体和社会表示庆祝。
[问]people would get together to celebrate their harvest; people would get together to celebrate their harvest; people used to give thanks for their harvests and for life; people used to honour their harvests and for life; people used to honour their ancestors, celebrate their past, and the group or society they lived in. 为并列句吗?[答]可以这么分析。并列的三个部分对前面所说明many things in common进行解释。
6. The festivals were a way to celebrate his tory and culture, a way to build society, and a way to celebrate the new year. 节日时庆祝文化和历史的一种方式,是建设社团的一种方式,也是庆祝新年的一种方式。
[问] a way to build society, and a way to celebrate the new year也是并列句吗?[答]是的。也是并列的三个部分。
7. Dr Karenga liked the characteristics of the African festivals so much that he used them to write the Seven Principles of Kwanzaa. 卡伦格博士是如此的喜欢非洲人的节日特色以至于他用这些写出了宽扎文化节七个原则。
[问]so that...是什么意思?[答]这个短语是“如此……以致于”的意思。如:He is so good a basketball player that we all like him very much. 他是如此好的一个男球运动员以致于我们都喜欢他。
8. The dates were chosen so that Keanzaa begins one day after Christmas and ends on New Year's Day. 日期选定在圣诞节之后的一天开始到元旦的那天结束。
[问]so that ... 是什么意思?[答]这个短语的意思是:“以便……”如:We must get up very early tomorrow morning so that we can arrive at the airport in time. 我们明天早晨必须早点起床以便能够及时赶到机场。
9. This way, people who celebrate Kwanzaa can enjoy the spirit of the holidays without all the commercial activities of Christmas.
这样,庆祝宽扎节的人们就能尽情享受节日带来的快乐,不需再为圣诞节的商业活动而去操心了。
[问]who celebrate Kwanzaa 是定语从句吗?[答]是的。who是该从句的引导词。在从句中作主语,指人。如:This is the man who has been to hte moon. 这就是曾经登上月球的那个人。
10. Since Kwanzaa is a time for learning as well as joy, people celebrate it by lighting a candle each day and discussing one of the seven principles of Kwanzaa. 由于宽扎文化节是一个既娱乐又学习的时间,所以,人们常常每天点着蜡烛讨论宽扎文化节的原则,以此来庆祝这个节日。
[问]Since Kwanzaa is a time for learning as well as joy是原因状语从句吗?[答]是的。Since引导的原因状语从句常常表示说话双方共同知道的原因。如:Since everybody is here, let's begin our class. 既然大家都在这儿,我们就开始上课吧!
11. The candle is usually lit by the youngest child in the family. 蜡烛常常由家中最小的孩子点燃。
[问]lit从何而来?[答]lit是light的过去式和过去分词,在这里是“点燃”的意思。如:1、This wood is so damp that it won't light. 这木头湿,点不着。2、These streets are very poorly lit. 这些街道的照明很差。
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