高一英语知识点：定语从句全掌握

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　　but用作关系代词, 其意思相当于who/that…not…, "没有……不……", 如：

　　1.There is not one of us but wishes to help you.

　　2.There is no tree but bears some fruit.

　　3.There are very few but admire his talents.

　　Ⅲ. 关系副词引导的定语从句:

　　When 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。其先行词是表时间的名词(如：time, day, week, tear, month, etc.)

　　1. He came last night when I was out.

　　2. We will put off the picnic until next week, when the weather would be better.

　　注意：先行词为"时间名词"，可用when引导定语从句，when在定语从句中作状语;还可以用which或that 引导，which或that在从句中作主语或宾语。

　　比较: 1.I still remember the day when /on which my brother joined the army.(作状语)

　　Next month, when you will be in your hometown, is just around the corner.

　　2. I still remember the days which/that we spent together. (作宾语)

　　Next winter which/that you'll spend in Harbin, I'm sure, will be exciting.

　　3. I shall never forget the day when Shen Zhou Ⅴ was launched, which has a great effect on my life.

　　There are occasions when joking is not permissible.

　　Where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。其先行词是表示地点的名词，如：place, school, factory, room, etc. 如:

　　1. This is the place where I was born.

　　2. I live in the room where /in which he used to live.

　　注意：先行词是"地点名词"，定语从句可用where引导，还可用which或that引导，which/that 在从句中作主语或宾语。

　　比较: 1. This is the factory where /in which he worked last year. (作状语)

　　The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point where he can walk correctly and safely.

　　I think you have got to the point where a change is needed, or you would fail.

　　Government reports, legal papers and most business letters are the main situations where English is used.

　　He's got himself into a dangerous situation where he's likely to lose control of the plane.

　　The small mountain village where we spent our holiday last month lies in what /the place which is now part of Hubei.

　　2. This is the park which/that they visited last year. (作宾语)

　　Not having been there before, he simply had no idea about the place, which everyone says is worth visiting.

　　Why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。先行词为reason 时，可用for which指代;当关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时，则用which或that 引导。如：

　　1. The reason why / for which / (that) he didn't attend the meeting was that he was ill.(作状语)

　　2. I don't believe the reason (that/which) he gave me. (作宾语)

　　Have you asked him the reason that may explain his success? (作主语)

　　Ex.) He was late .That's because he got up late.

　　.He got up late. That's why he was late.(表语从句)

　　(the reason) why/for which he was late. (定语从句)

　　当先行词为way时，定语从句常用that, in which,或how引导，that常可以省略。

　　way后的定语从句 的引导词不用时较多。但如果关系词在句中作主语或宾语

　　时，则用which或that 引导。如:

　　1. This is the way (that) /in which I do such things.

　　比较: Please do the experiment in the way (that/which)I have shown you.

　　Ⅳ. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：

　　1. 形式上，非限制性定语从句往往用逗号隔开。

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　　2. 语法上，非限制性定语从句一般不用that.

　　3. 语义上，限制性定语从句与先行词关系紧密，起限定作用，如果去掉了这个定语从句，整个句子就不完整或者会改变意思;而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不是很紧密，对先行词起补充说明或描述的作用。

　　1).This is the book I like best. 这就是我最喜欢的那本书。

　　2).Beijing, which has been China's capital for more than 800 years , is rich in cultural and historic relics. 北京是中国八百年之久的古都，它有着丰富的文化和历史遗产。

　　4. 翻译时，限制性定语从句可译为一句(较短的一般译为"的"字结构);而非限制性定语从句可译为两句。(见上句翻译)

　　比较: He has a sister, who is a musician.

　　He has a sister who is a musician.

　　引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词，指人时用who, whom, whose , 指物时用which , whose; 关系副词when，where, why, etc.

　　1. He studied hard at school when he was young, which leads to his success in his later life.

　　2. Tom's father, who arrived just now, is a famous scientist.

　　3. They set up a separate state of their own, where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves.

　　4. He was proud, which his brother never was.

　　Ⅴ. 几个易混淆的关系代词的比较:

　　(A) that & which:

　　在定语从句中，which 和that 在指代事物时，一般可以互换使用，但并非在任何情况下都是这样，这里介绍宜用that, 而不宜用which 的情况.

　　(1) 先行词为不定代词，如all, much, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one等。如：

　　1.We should do all that is useful to the people .

　　2.There's nothing that can be said about it .

　　3.Do you mean the one that was bought yesterday?

　　(2) 先行词被only, any, few, little, no, just, very, one of等词修饰时。如：

　　1.The only thing that we could do was to wait.

　　2.That's the very word that is wrongly used.

　　3.The last place (that) we visited was the chemical works.

　　4. You can take any (=whichever) seat that is free.

　　5. I hope the little that I can will be of some help to them.

　　6.比较 *This is one of the best novels that were published last year.

　　*This is the only one of the best novels that was published last year.

　　(3) 先行词是序数词时或被序数词修饰时。如：

　　1.When we talk about Wuxi, the first that comes into mind is Tai Lake.

　　2.This is the third film that has been shown in our school this term.

　　(4) 先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。如：

　　1.This is the best that can be done now.

　　2.The most important thing that should be done right now is how to stop him from going on.

　　(5) 先行词既有人又有物，用which和who都不适合，这时宜用that. 如：

　　1.The writer and his novel that you have just talked about is really well known .

　　2.The rider and his bike that had run over an old woman were held up by the police.

　　(6) 被修饰词为数词时. 如：

　　1.Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water .Now you can see the two that are still alive .

　　(7) 如果有两个从句，其中一个关系代词已用which ,另一个关系代词宜用that，以避免语言的单调或重复。如：

　　1.Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.

　　(8) 疑问词是who或which，关系代词宜用that，以避免重复。如：

　　1. Which is the book that you like best?

　　2. Who is the man that is standing at the gate?

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