高二英语第二十二单元A Tale of Two cities

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　　Electric trains have now taken the place of steam ones in our country .

　　Mr John take your manager\'s place .

　　Your manager is very ill , so Mr John is taking his place .

　　5 . keep silent 意为“保持沉默”。例如：

　　When the teacher questioned the students , some of whom kept silent .

　　Don\'t keep silent when you are asked to answer the question .

　　6 . fall in love with ( = lose one\'s heart to ) 意为“爱上”。例如：

　　The young man fell in love with the beautiful girl at first sight .

　　He fell in love with her when they worked together in the country .

　　He liked the girl but didn\'t fall in love with her .

　　7 . make sure of + sth . / doing sth . 意为“将……弄确切；确保……”。

　　We should get there as early as possible in order to make sure of getting a ticket for the concert .
　　
　　Will you make sure of his return?
　　
　　make sure + that - clause 还可以作为一个句型掌握。如：

　　I haven\'t made sure that I will win the match .

　　Please make sure that lights are turned off .

　　Will you make sure that he returned?

　　Make sure that you pick me up at five .

　　8 . set fire to sth . ( = set sth . on fire ) 意为“放火烧某物；使某物着火”。例如：

　　The enemy set fire to the village .

　　( = The enemy set the village on fire . )
　　
　　单元难点疑点思路明晰

　　1 . The guards couldn\'t have been watching very carefully . 卫兵不可能一直进行严密的监视。

　　〖 明晰 〗 ( 1 ) 对于现在事件的否定推断，可用 can\'t 或 couldn\'t 加上动词 be 的不定式一般式。如：
　
　　child：Can I have some sweets? I\'m hungry . 我可以吃一点糖果吗?我饿了。

　　Mother：You can\'t / couldn\'t be hungry . You\'ve just had dinner . 你不会饿的，你刚吃过饭。

　　( 2 ) 对于过去事件的否定推断，可以由 can\'t / couldn\'t + 任何动词的不定式完成式来表示。例如中“couldn\'t + have been + v . - ing”是couldn\'t + 不定式的完成进行式，表示“想必不可能一直在进行”的意思。例如：

　　It\'s very late now . Jack can\'t have been waiting at the bus stop .

　　All the lights were out . They couldn\'t have been working in the factory .

　　She couldn\'t have been writing . So far as I know , she has been ill since last month .

　　( 3 ) 在其它时态中的用法。例如：

　　Tom：A man answered the phone . I suppose it was her husband .

　　Ann：It couldn\'t have been her husband . He\'s been dead for ages .

　　Ann：Who brought the grand piano upstairs?

　　Mary：Perhaps it was Tom .

　　Ann：He can\'t / couldn\'t have dome it by himself .

　　2 . You must have been mad to speak to the servant! 你跟那个仆人讲话，准是发疯了!

　　〖 明晰 〗 ( 1 ) “must have + 过去分词”表示对过去情况比较肯定的推测，意为“准是”，“想必一定是”。又如：

　　She must have been very young when she got married .

　　The ground is wet . It must have rained last night .

　　He must have arrived by now .

　　Mary must have caught a cold . she had a high fever last night .

　　( 2 ) 对现在情况的推测，用“must + 动词不定式 ( 不带to ) ”，如：

　　Mary must catch a cold , she has a high fever .

　　This must be your room .

　　Comrade Li must be in the dormitory now .

　　You must be joking .

　　He must be seventy now .

　　3 . She understood what I was talking about , even though it was the first time we had spoken together . 即使这是我们第一次在一起讲话，她也懂得我同她谈的道理。
　
　　〖 明晰 〗 ( 1 ) 在下列表达方式之后，要用完成时：

　　it ( this , that ) is the first ( second , third , fourth… ) time…

　　it ( this , that ) is the only…

　　it ( this , that ) is t he finest ( worst , most interesting ) … 例如：

　　It was the first time that she had sung in public .

　　This is the first time ( that ) I\'ve felt really relaxed for months .

　　This is the second time that I have met her .

　　This is the fourth time ( that ) I\'ve heard her sing that song .

　　This is the only party ( that ) I\'ve ever really enjoyed in my life .

　　It\'s one of the most interesting books ( that ) I\'ve ever read .

　　( 2 ) 现在时可以和 for the first time 连用。试比较：

　　This is the first time I\'ve been here . 这是我头一次来这里。 ( 此句不能说… I\'m here . )

　　I\'m here for the first time . 我是头一次来这里。
　
　　( 3 ) it is time + 动词不定式，这种句型表示“应该做某事了”。例如：

　　It\'s time to go to school ( go to bed ) .

　　It\'s time for you to get a bath . 你该洗个澡了。

　　4 . They had come from England , having heard the strange news that Dr Manette , Lucie\'s father , was alive and was living in Paris . 他们从英国来因为听到一个奇怪的消息——露西的父亲曼奈特医生仍然活着，而且住在巴黎。

〖 明晰 〗 ( 1 ) having heard the strange news 是现在分词的完成式，作表示原因的状语，相当于一个状语从句 ( as they had heard the strange news ) 。在这个分词短语后面紧跟一个由 that 引导的同位语从句：that Dr Manette…in Paris .

　　　　　　　 ( 2 ) 现在分词的完成式是“having + 过去分词”构成，它表示这动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，常用作状语，表示原因或时间。例如：

　　Having finished his work , he went home .

　　= After he had finished his work , he went home .

　　5 . Dr Manette , having been kept a prisoner in the Bastille , Paris\'s most important prison , for many years , had recently been set free… 曼奈特医生曾被当作囚犯关在巴黎最重要的监狱巴士底狱多年，最近获释了……

　　〖 明晰 〗 ( 1 ) 这个句子的主语和谓语是：Dr Manette had recently been set free , 而 having been kept a prisoner…for many years 作状语，相当于一个表示时间的状语从句：after he had ben kept…for many years .

　　　　　 　　( 2 ) “having been kept…”是现在分词完成式的被动语态形式，它由“having been + 过去分词”构成，表示：已经被……”的意思，在句子中主要作状语，表示时间或原因。

　　Lucie Manette , having been told of the news , became excited and decided to start for France immediately . ( = After she had been told of the news , Lucie Manette became excited… ) 露西•曼奈特得知这个消息之后，情绪很激动，决定立即起程去巴黎。 ( 作时间状语 )

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