高二英语第二十二单元A Tale of Two cities

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　　We think it dangerous ____ swimming alone in the river .

　　A . of him to go B . of him going C . for him to go D . for him going

　　［分析］答案依次为A、C。不定式的逻辑主语有两种形式：

　　〖思维二〗1 . 大多数情况下不定式的逻辑主语由“形容词 + for sb . to do”构成。如：

　　It is necessary for us to learn a second foreign language .

　　Abraham Lincoln thought it not right for the South to break away from the Union .

　　2 . 如果逻辑主语前面是表示人的性格特征的形容词如 kind、friendly、clever、wise、cruel、foolish、stupid 等时用“形容词 + of sb . to do”结构。如：
　　
　　It\'s foolish of him to lend so much money to her .

　　It\'s kind of you to have given us so much help .

　　上述两种结构可用下列方法区分：可改成“sb . + be to do”意义成立时用“of sb . to do sth . ”，改成“sb . + be to do”意义不通时用“for sb . to do。”如上例中可改为：
　
　　He is foolish to lend her so much money . (成立)

　　We are necessary to learn a second foreign language . (不成立)

　　※ 分词的逻辑主语(独立主格结构)

　　The meeting ____ over , we all left the room and drove home .

　　A . is B . to be C . being D . would be

　　Lit by countless lights , ____ .

　　A . We find the hall very beautiful B . many of the people admire the hall

　　C . the hall is as bright as the day D . children entered the hall

　　____ , they will go and visit the zoo .

　　A . Weather permitting B . Weather permitted

　　C . Weather being permitted D . Weather having permitted

　　［分析］答案依次为C、C、A。

　　〖思维三〗分词的逻辑主语(独立主格结构) 有三种主要形式：

　　1 . 当主句主语不是分词的逻辑主语时，分词短语必须有自己的逻辑主语。如：

　　Tom being late , the teacher got angry .

　　(the teacher 不是 being 的逻辑主语，故分词短语 being late 要有自己的逻辑主语)
　
　　The signal given , we started the car .

　　注意一：动名词的复合结构作主语时，逻辑主语不能用名词的普通格或代词的主格，分词的复合结构不能用所有格。试对比：

　　Rose\'s failing in the exam surprised every one of us . (不可改为 Rose)

　　Rose failing in the exam , every one of us was surprised . (不可改为 Rose\'s)

　　He playing tricks on the child , the child got angry . (不可改为 his)

　　His playing tricks on the child made the child angry . (不可改为 him)

　　注意二：如果主句的主语也是分词短语的逻辑主语，该分词短语不得再带任何主语，如：

　　Seeing his parents , the boy couldn\'t help crying .

　　Swept by the students , the hall looks wider and bigger .
　　
　　2 . with 构成的复合结构

　　The murderer was brought in , with his hands ____ behind his back .

　　A . being tied B . having tied C . to be tied D . tied

　　［分析］答案为D。

　　with 构成的复合结构，逻辑主语后可有下列形式：

　　with + 宾语 + 现在分词 (现在分词表主动)

　　In parts of Asia you must not sit with your feet pointing at another person .

　　with + 宾语 + 过去分词 (过去分词表被动)

　　He sat there with his eyes fixed on the blackboard .

　　with + 宾语 + 不定式 (表将要发生的动作)

　　I can\'t work with you to turn on the radio .

　【 动手动脑 】
　
　　单元能力立体检测

　　请填入适当的冠词：

　　1 . I learned the news of Mr Rabin\'s death on ______ radio , not on ______ TV .

　　2 . The little girl went into the kitchen with _____ knife and _____ fork .

　　3 . Would you please go to _____ cinema with me?

　　4 . The camera was made in _____ United States of America .

　　5 . I\'m tired of city life . I\'ll go to _____ country for a few days .
　　
　　6 . US Secretary of State Warren Christopher will travel to _____ Middle East next Monday .

　　7 . _____ Hague ( 海牙 ) is the capital of _____ Netherlands .
　
　　8 . Let me buy you _____ drink .

　　9 . Do you know who invented _____ electric light?

　　10 . We must try our best to be useful to _____ society .

　　11 . She loves _____ music of the seventeenth century .

　　12 . I love _____ music and _____ photography .
　　
　　13 . He was elected as _____ President of France in 1995 .

　　14 . Charlie Chaplin wanted to be _____ tragedy actor but he became _____ comedy actor instead .
　　
　　15 . What _____ nice weather it is today!

　　答案及简析：

　　1 . the , ×：在 radio 前应用定冠词 the，但在 TV 前则不用冠词。 2 . ×，×：当介词引导或连词连接两个对称结构时，此结构名称前都不用冠词，如 day after day、arm in arm、from top to bottom、with hat and coat。 3 . the：习惯上在 cinema , theatre 前要用 the。 4 . the：国名前一般不用冠词，如 in China，但当国名中含有普通名词时要用 the，题中 states 为普通名词，又如 the People\'s Republic of China。 5 . the：在 country ( 乡村 ) 、seaside ( 海滨 ) 、mountains ( 山区 ) 等前习惯上用 the。 6 . the：在某些地名前用 the，如：the Atlantic、the Sahara ( 撒哈拉沙漠 ) 、the Holiday Inn ( 假日饭店 ) 等。 7 . The , the：这是一个非常特殊的情况，与4不同，荷兰国名及首都名前要用 the。 8 . a : 用 a 表示泛指。a drink 表示一杯饮料。 9 . the：用 the 将 electric light 具体化，在谈论科技项目时常用 the 又如：Is it Ford that invented the car? 10 . ×：当 society 含义为“我们生活的这个社会”时，其前不用冠词。 11 . the：因为原句特指17世纪音乐，故须用定冠词 the。 12 . ×，×：这里泛指 music、photography。 13 . ×：独一无二的职务名称前一般不用任何冠词，又如：John was elected monitor of our class。He\'s president of Beijing University . 但此规则只适用于职务名称作补语的情况，若其作主语则不然，例：The President of the USA , Bill Clinton visited New York yesterday . 14 . a , a：在表示职业的名称前不能省去冠词 ( 与 B 比较 ) 。 15 . ×：what 引导的感叹句中如为可数名词，不能省略不定冠词，如：What a beautiful girl!但此句中 weather 为不可数名词，其前不能用不定冠词。

【 创新园地 】

　　请你根据下面所提供的内容，为墙报写一篇题为“My Devoted ( 忠实的 ) Friend—Books”的稿件。字数：110左右。

　　1 . 我五岁时，父母亲给我买了很多图画书。

　　2 . 书激起了我对一切的兴趣，我与书交了朋友。

　　3 . 书使我懂得了很多，它告诉我什么是好，什么是坏；它教我如何与别人很好相处。

　　4 . 当我学习落后感到失望时，它使我充满信心 ( confidence ) 。

　　5 . 总而言之，书使愚蠢的人聪明，使胆小的 ( coward ) 人勇敢，使聪明的人更聪明。

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