情态动词考查热点透视

标签：高中英语学习方法大全,http://www.jiaoshi66.com 情态动词考查热点透视,
情态动词是高考考查的重点语法项目之一，2005年全国17套高考试题对此都有考查。下面就近几年来高考试题中出现的情态动词的考点进行归纳分析，以便同学们复习掌握。 一、情态动词表推测    1. 肯定的推测一般用must, should, may（might）或could（不用can），其中，must的语气最强，译为“肯定”、“准是”、“想必是”；should的语气次之，译为“很可能”、“应该”，指按常理推测；may（might），could的语气最弱，译为“也许”、“可能”。    ①Helen _______ go on the trip with us but she isn’t quite sure yet. （2005年安徽卷）    A. shall    B. must    C. may D. can    ②—I’ve taken someone else’s green sweater by mistake.    —It ___ Harry’s. He always wears green. （2005年广东卷）    A. has to be   B. will be    C. mustn’t be D. could be    ③I have lost one of my gloves. I _______ it somewhere.（2005年北京春季卷）    A. must drop    B. must have dropped C. must be dropping    D. must have been dropped    ④If I ____ plan to do anything I wanted to ,I’d like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible. （2005年湖北卷）    A. would B. could    C. had to   D. ought to    Key: C D B B 2. 否定推测分为两种情况：    1）语气不很肯定时，常用may not, might not或could not，译为“可能不”、“也许不”。    You might just as well tell the manufacturer that male customers ______ not like the design of the furniture. （2004年上海春季卷）    A. must   B. shall    C. may    D. need    Key： C    2）否定语气较强时，则用can’t，译为“根本不可能”、“想必不会”，表示惊异、怀疑的感情色彩。    ①—Do you know where David is? I couldn’t find him anywhere.    —Well. He ______ have gone far——his coat’s still here.（2005年湖北卷）    A. shouldn’t B. mustn’t    C. can’t  D. wouldn’t    ②— Isn’t that Ann’s husband over there? — No, it _______ be him I’m sure he doesn’t wear glasses. （2004年全国卷Ⅰ）    A. can’t    B. must not    C. won’t   D. may not    Key: C A 3. 疑问句中的推测，往往用can或could。      Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How ______ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony？（2001年上海春季卷）    A. can   B. should    C. may   D. must    Key：A 4. 对已发生事情的肯定推测常用“must, may, might等+完成式”；否定推测常用“can, could, may, might等+完成式”。    ①I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car. They _______ at least 150 kilometers an hour.（2005年重庆卷）    A. should have been doing    B. must have been doing    C. could have done    D. would have done    ②He _______ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by seaside. （2005年北京卷）    A. should B. must    C. wouldn’t   D. can’t    ③—Tom is never late for work. Why is be absent today?    —Something ________ to him. （2005年江西卷）    A. must happen    B. should have happened     C. could have happened    D. must have happened    ④ My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he_____your lecture.（2000年上海卷）    A. couldn’t have attended    B. needn’t have atterded    C. mustn’t have attended    D. shouldn’t have attended    Key: B B D A 二、“情态动词+完成式”    1. “should（ought to）+完成式”表示本应该做某事而实际上没有做。其否定式表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了。    ①—I’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.    — You________ her last week. （2004年福建卷）     A． ought to tell    B． would have told    C． must tell    D． should have told    ②Oh, I’m not feeling well in the stomach, I _____ so much fried chicken just now. （2002年上海春季卷）    A. shouldn’t eat    B. mustn’t have eaten    C. shouldn’t have eaten    D. mustn’t eat    Key: D C 2. “could+完成式”表示本来能够做成某事的但结果没能做成，含有遗憾的意味。    He paid for a seat, when he ______ have entered free. （2005年山东卷）    A. could B. would    C. must  D. need    Key：A 3. “needn’t+不定式的完成式”表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事。例如：    You needn’t have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.你本不需要浇花的，因为天就要下雨了。    — Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.    — Thanks. You ______ it. I could manage it myself. （2005年福建卷）    A. needn’t do    B. needn’t have done    C. mustn’t do    D. shouldn’t have done    Key: B

三、常见的情态动词    1. shall用于一、三人称疑问句表示征求对方意见；用于二、三人称陈述句表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁等。    ①“The interest   be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides，” declared the judge. （2004年重庆卷）    A. may B. should    C. must D. shall   ②—Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.    — You ______ have my computer if you don’t take care of it. （2004年湖南卷）    A. shan’t   B. might not    C. needn’t   D. shouldn’t    ③ — The room is so dirty. ______ we clean it?    — Of course. （2003年北京春季卷）    A. Will B. Shall    C. Would  D. Do    Key: D A B 2. must用于疑问句，表示责备、抱怨的感情色彩，意思为“偏偏，偏要”；mustn’t表示禁止，是说话人强有力的劝告。    ①John, look at the time. _______ you play the piano at such a late hour？ （2005年全国卷Ⅲ）    A. Must   B. Can    C. May    D. Need    ②Tom, you   leave all your clothes on the floor like this！ （2005年全国卷Ⅰ）    A. wouldn’t B. mustn’t    C. needn’t   D. may not    Key: A B 3. needn’t表示“没有必要”。    — Lucy doesn’t mind lending you her dictionary.    — She ______. I’ve already borrowed one. （2005年湖南卷）    A. can’t B. mustn’t    C. needn’t   D. shouldn’t    Key: C 4. would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。    When he was there, he ___ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.（1996年上海卷）    A. would   B. should    C. had better   D. might    Key: A 5. 表示经过努力而成功的某一次动作，只能用was/were able to，而不能用could。    The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _____ get out. （1997年全国卷）    A. had to  B. would    C. was able to D. could    Key：C 6. 考查情态动词用作答语的情况    ①—Write to me when you get home.    — _______. （2001年北京春季卷）    A. I must   B. I should    C. I will    D. I can    ② — Could I call you by your first name？    —Yes, you ______. （1998年上海卷）    A. will   B. could    C. may   D. might    Key：C C 巩固练习：    1. Michael ______ be a policeman, for he is much too short.    A. needn’t   B. can’t    C. should    D. may    2. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I ____ for her.    A. had to write it out    B. must have written it out    C. should have written it out    D. ought to write it out    3. Jack _____ yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me.    A. mustn’t have arrived    B. shouldn’t have arrived    C. can’t have arrived    D. needn’t have arrived    4. Sir, you ______be sitting in this waiting room. It is for women and children only.    A. mustn’t   B. can’t    C. won’t D. needn’t    5. A left-luggage office is a place where bags _______ be left for a short time, especially at a railway station.    A. should   B. can    C. must D. will    6. — Is John coming by train?    — He should, but he _____ not. He likes driving his car.    A. must   B. can    C. need   D. may    7. It has been announced that candidates _______ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.    A. can    B. will    C. may    D. shall    8. You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman ______ be so rude to a lady.    A. might    B. need    C. should    D. would    9. —Don’t forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.    —_______.    A. I don’t   B. I won’t    C. I can’t   D. I haven’t    10. I didn’t see her in the meeting-room this morning. She ______ at the meeting.    A. mustn’t have spoken    B. shouldn’t have spoken    C. needn’t have spoken    D. couldn’t have spoken    答案与解析    1. B 从第二个分句“他太矮了”可以推知说话者持否定态度，needn’t意思是“没有必要”，与语境不符。    2. C 根据句意“我已经告诉她怎样到那儿，但是或许我应该给她写下来”可知，说话者含有“后悔、遗憾”的意味，应使用“情态动词+完成式”形式，“must+完成式”表示对过去的肯定推测，“should+完成式”才表示虚拟意义。    3. C 根据第二分句“否则的话他就会给我打电话了”可知“Jack肯定还没到”，“can’t+完成式”意思是“根本不可能”。    4. A 从第二分句可知，这是妇女和儿童专用候车室，因此你“不准”坐在这儿。mustn’t表示“禁止，不准”。    5. B can在此表示许可。    6. D 从后一句“他喜欢开车”可知说话者把握不大。must not不表示推测，can not的语气太绝对，意思是“根本不可能”。    7. D shall用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺、威胁等意思。    8. C should在此表示惊讶的感情色彩，意思是“竟然”。    9. B 对祈使句的肯定回答用I will；否定回答用I won’t。    10. D 根据句意“我今天上午在会议室没见到她”， 所以“她根本不可能在会上发言”。表示“根本不可能”用can’t/couldn’t have done形式。

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