高一英语新学期复习资料：第二单元阅读教学案

　　Unit Two (Reading)

　　一、 短语翻译

　　1.对青少年很常见 be common to teenagers 2.调大音量 turn up

　　3.一次时间的浪费 a waste of time 4.和某人的一次不愉快的经历 an unpleasant experience with sb.

　　5.强迫某人做某事 force sb to do sth 6. 比预期的早一天 a day earlier than expected

　　7.be too hard on sb 对某人太苛刻了 8.等不及做 can’t wait to do

　　9.让某人掌管 leave sb in charge 10.期待某人的好的决定 expect a good decision from sb.

　　11.不受惩罚 go unpunished 12.把某人的双臂交叉着 have one’s arms crossed

　　13.给某人一个解释的机会 give sb. a chance to explain 14.值得知道真相 deserve to know the truth

　　15. 以…形式in the form of 16. 给出…的理由 give a reason for sth.

　　17. 在某方面不同differ in /be different in 18. 跟某人因为某事而争辩 argue with sb. about sth.

　　二、句型讲解:

　　1. Growing up can be difficult. (p21)成长不容易。

　　growing up是动名词短语作主语。

　　1) Sb.’s/sb. doing是动名词的复合结构，可在句中作主语或宾语。

　　2) 动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。主语过长时，用it 做形式主语

　　① Finding a good place to live continues to be one of the man’s most urgent problems.

　　(用continue适当形式填空)

　　②Tom’s returning so soon surprised me.(汤姆返回)

　　③Reading English is easier than speaking it. (读英语)

　　④It is no use arguing with him. (和他辩论)

　　补充词组:grow up成长，长大 grow into长成，发展成grow out of 产生自;戒掉

　　2. Do you have to turn up your music so loud? (p21)你非得把音乐声调得这么大吗?

　　turn up 1)旋大;开大。

　　Turn the radio up a little. It's too low. (把收音机声音开大点)

　　2)(人)露面，到;(物)被发现;

　　① 他突然出现在会上。 He suddenly turned up at the meeting.

　　② 你丢掉的钢笔总有一天会出现的。 Your lost pen will surely turn up one day.

　　3.Don't you think this is a waste of time? (p21)难道你不认为这是浪费时间吗?

　　常用句型 a waste of …浪费……

　　It's a waste of …doing sth. 做某事是浪费……

　　waste…on sth. 在……上浪费……

　　waste…(in)doing sth. 浪费……做某事

　　①It's a waste of time waiting any longer. (再等下去)

　　②Much energy is wasted producing things that are thrown away.(生产扔掉的东西)

　　③You're wasting your time trying to persuade him. He'll never join us. (想劝说他)

　　④She wasted too much money on those books.(买那些书)

　　4. When you have a problem and want to talk to someone, who do you choose to talk to? (p21) 当你有问题想跟人谈一谈时，你喜欢跟谁谈呢?

　　choose v. 选择;决定;喜欢;宁愿

　　①I had to choose between the two. (在两者间做选择)

　　②I want to choose her a nice present.==I want to choose a nice present for her.

　　③There are many types to choose from.(可选)

　　④He chose to stay home while all the others went to the cinema.(选择了)

　　⑤We chose her as/to be monitor.选她做班长。

　　补充：choice n. 选择，抉择，挑拣上的人/物 make a choice做选择

　　have no choice but to do 只好，不得不

　　at one’s own choice 任意地，随意地

　　5. Mom and Dad arrive back from vacation a day earlier than expected. (p22)

　　妈妈和爸爸比预期的早一天度假回来。

　　expect预想, 预期，料想 than expected比预料的 as expected如预料的那样

　　①There are more people present than expected.(比预料)

　　②The film was not interesting as expected.(不如预料)

　　6. Eric runs in after it, followed by a big dog，walking very slowly.(p22)

　　埃里克跑进来追球，后面跟着一只走得慢腾腾的狗。

　　followed by… 过去分词短语作伴随或方式状浯，表示被动含义。

　　现在分词短语作伴随或方式状语时表示主动意味，即表示该动作是前面主语发出来的。

　　①The boy spent the night locked in the room.

　　②He sat in the corner of the room, crying sadly.

　　Do you know the boy (who is) lying under the big tree?

　　There was a terrible noise following the sudden burst of light.

　　7.The money with which you were to buy dog food is gone，but Spot looks so hungry! (p22) 你应该用来买狗食的钱不见了，但Spot却一副饿相。

　　were to在此表示过去的计划和安排。was/were to还可表示纯过去将来时的意义。be to do结构常用来表示计划;安排;指示;命令或要求等，它也可以表示可能性或注定要发生的事情。提示：be to可用于条件状语从句中，表示“想要” (should/want to)。

　　①Their daughter is to be married soon.(快要结婚了)

　　②No one is to leave the building. (任何人不得离开)

　　③You are to be back by 10 o'clock.(你要在十点前回来)

　　④If you are to see him, you must come early. (你要见他，你就得早点来)

　　be gone: gone在句中作表语表示状态。gone形式上为过去分词，但它常被用作形容词，作表语或补足语，表示“离开了的;(时间)过去了;(物)不见了，用完了，消逝了”等意。

　　①How long do you think you'll be gone? (你要离开多久?)

　　②When I came back，my car was gone. (不见了)

　　③Gone are the days when we used foreign oil.(日子一去不复返)

　　8.We didn’t think you would let the house get so dirty.

　　当think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等动词的主语为第一人称，且本身为一般现在时态时，其后的宾语从句的否定词通常转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。否定转移是指否定形式在谓语动词，而否定的信息焦点却在状语和表语，或否定形式在主句，而否定的信息焦点却在从句。这是英语的一种习惯思维方法，与汉语不同，应予注意。现分类归纳如下：

　　1.not+think，believe，suppose，imagine…+that-clause 在这种句式中，not从宾语从句的谓语动词的前面转移到了主句谓语动词think，believe，suppose等的前面。例如：

　　I'm sorry，but I don't think I know you.对不起，我想我并不认识你。

　　I don't believe he'll come.我想他是不会来的。

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　　这类句子后面的反意疑问句更能准确地说明not的否定范围。如：

　　I don't think you've met Xiao Wang，have you?我想你没碰见过小王，对吗?

　　2.not…because(of) 这种结构中的 not否定的是后面 because引导的从句或 because of引起的介词短语。也就是说，not从because(of)的前面转移到了主句或整个句子的谓语动词的前面。例如：

　　He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so.他并不只是因为亚里士多德说过某事如何如何，就轻易相信它。

　　I didn't take a raincoat because it was raining.我不是因为下着雨才带雨衣的。

　　3.not…+动词不定式或介词短语 在这类结构中，我们实际上是将否定后面不定式的not转移到了谓语动词上。如：

　　Jack doesn’t seem to like you.(= Jack seems not to like you.)杰克看来不喜欢你。

　　He didn't take the boy from the tracks to safety to win his own fame，but to benefit the boy's parents.他把男孩从铁轨上抱到安全地带，不是为了获得个人的名誉，而是为了孩子的父母。

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