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高三英语知识点:能力测试目标

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  从近年上海高考英语卷看能力测试目标

  近年来,为适应语言教育和教学观念的变化,配合二期课改的实施,高考英语(上海卷)与时俱进,已从单一的针对语言知识掌握程度的知识性测试向关注学生综合语言运用能力的多样化评价方式转变。为了帮助考生加深对考试手册的理解,以下将从语言测试的目的出发,对高考英语(上海卷)能力测试目标作简要分析。

  一、 听的能力

  主要测试考生理解口头英语的能力,其考核目标有3项:

  (1) 能获取重要的事实信息

  (a) 听懂并辨别时间、地点、数字等(注:题前数字为考试年限和试卷题号,下同。)

  2003—2

  m: the prices at the grocery store have increased a lot. now green beans cost $1.5o a pound.

  w: i know. five years ago they were only a third that price.

  q: how much did a pound of green beans cost five years ago?

  a.$0.50 b.$1.00 c.$1.50 d.$2.50

  本题考核获取重要的事实信息的能力。从对话中可知豌豆已涨到1.5美元一磅,而五年前,它只有现价的三分之一,所以a选项$0.50为正确答案。

  (b) 获取事实信息

  2003—5

  w: we do need another bookshelf in this room. but the problem is the space for it.

  m: how about moving the old table to the kitchen?

  q: what does the man suggest doing?

  a: finding a larger room.

  b: buying another bookshelf.

  d: rearranging some furniture.

  本题考核获取重要的事实信息能力。为了可以在房间里再放一个书架,男士建议将旧桌子搬到厨房里去,这就意味着重新安置家具,所以d选项为正确答案。

  (c) 听懂讲话者之间的关系和讲话者的身份

  2004(春)—7

  m: you should have set aside more time to play with our kids.

  w: i know, but i’ve really been too busy recently.

  q: who do you think are the speakers?

  a. a couple b. neighbours c. classmates d. colleagues

  本题考核获取重要的事实信息的能力。听懂男士讲话中的play with our kids,就可以知道说话人是对夫妇,所以a选项为正确答案。

  (2)能力界话语中隐含的意思

  (a)听懂并辨别话语的交际目的

  2003-1

  m: are you going to the shopping center tonight?

  w: tonight? i have to work on my physics test tomorrow.

  q: what does the woman mean?

  a. she is going to the shopping center.

  b. she cannot go with the man.

  c. she will work with the man tonight.

  d. she will have a physical exam tomorrow.

  本题考核目标是理解话语中的隐含意思。从女士说“今晚?今晚我必须为明天的物理考试做准备”,可以推断出她不能和男士一起去购物了,所以b选项为正确答案,交际目的是要表示拒绝。

  (b)听懂根据重音、语调和提示所点明的重要信息

  2002-13

  for what purpose does alison recommend the story to john?

  a. to urge john to talk more with his father.

  b. to help john forget his trouble.

  c. to help john get rid of his loneliness.

  d. to share her feelings with john.

  本题考查理解话语中隐含的意思。alison在整段对话中的观点就是父子间要加强交流,所以他推荐给john读的那本关于一对父子并使他感动的书应该也是要达到同一目的,所以a选项为正确答案。

  (c)听懂并辨别事实、观点和言外之意

  2003-6

  w: i hear mary is looking for a new job.

  m: she has seldom worked at any job for more than a few weeks.

  q: what does the man say about mary?

  a. she seldom works.

  b. she enjoys working at the same job.

  c. she often changes her job.

  d. she has worked at the job long.

  本题考核获取重要的事实信息和理解隐含意思的能力。男士所说“她很少能在任何工作岗位上做上几星期”,言外之意mary经常调换工作,所以c选项为正确答案。

  (3)能归纳话语的主旨大意

  听懂短文总的和主要的意思

  2003-13

  what is this story mainly about?

  a. a lost-and-found check.

  b. an unexpected sum of money.

  c. the biggest tip in history.

  d. a tip from an english businessman.

  本题考查归纳短文的主旨大意。短文主要是围绕一笔出人意料的巨额小费展开的,文中既没有说这是历史上数目最大的小费,也没有最后付这笔钱的是英国商人,所以b选项为正确答案。

  二、读的能力

  主要测试考生理解书面英语的能力,其考核目标有5个:

  (1) 能理解文章的基本内容

  (a) 在文章中寻找事实信息并利用它

  2001-75

  which meaning of the word javelin is used in the sentence below?

  at the competition, jack drew his arm back and threw the javelin 50 yards.

  a. definition 1

  b. definition 2

  c. definition 3

  d. definition 4

  本题考查将文章的信息应用于文章之外的任务。在句中,“javelin”一词作为动词throw的宾语,应该是个“物”,所以第三个词意解释“标枪”符合句意。

  (b) 分辨文中信息与信息间的关系(先后、因果、前提和结论等)

  2003-78

  martha is unhappy in her job because .

  a. she has not advanced

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  b. the work is not significant

  c. her supervisor is younger than she

  d. there is too much work with little payment

  本题考查理解文章的主要内容。文章第一段第二句“在晋升和加薪方面都没有什么重要的变化”,即指她事业上没有进步,这是martha感到不高兴的原因,所以a选项为正确答案(因果)。

  (2)能归纳文章的主旨大意

  (a)从标题栏中给文章或段落选择合适的标题

  2001-81

  what might be the best title for this passage?

  a.110-year-old tourist

  b. secret for long and healthy life

  c. free return ticket

  d. sightseeing in london

  本题考查提取文章的标题。大部分考生都正确理解了全文的主旨,选择a选项为正确答案。

  (b)理解文章的总体结构和由此产生对文章的解释。

  2002-78.

  it can be concluded that the passage is most probably part of a(n)_____.

  a. horror story b.news report c.research paper d.article of popular science

  本题考查判断文章的文体。读懂全文可以判断此文不是恐怖故事,不是新闻报道,也不是研究报告,最有可能的是某篇科普文章中的一部分,选项d为正确答案。

  (c)提取文章或段落的标题或主旨

  2001-83

  according to the passage, the main disadvantage of using stereotypes is that they____

  a. are likely to lead us into dangerous situations

  b. many make us miss some pleasant experience

  c. can rarely be relied on

  d. make us mentally lazy

  本题考查提取段落的主旨。从第三段可以归纳出“使用刻板的模式的主要缺点是它可能使我们错过很有趣的经历”,因为第三段的第一句话是本段的主题句,其他都是对主题的说明,选项b为正确答案。

  (3)能推测文章中的隐含意思

  (a)评估作者对文章信息(事实、观点、假设)的态度

  2002春-85

  the real purpose of the author’s comparison of the genome to a book is _____

  a. to focus on the differences between the two

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