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高三英语知识点:语法并列句和主从复合句用法精讲

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  [注解]

  1、关系代词只能用that的情况:

  当先行词是指事物的不定代词(all, anything等),或先行词部分含有最高级,或含有序数词时,不能用其他的关系代词,只能用that. 如:All that Lily told me seems untrue. (Lily告诉我的话似乎不真实。) / Can you give me anything that has no sugar inside? (能不能给我点里面没有糖的东西?) / This is the first two-story bus that runs in our city. (这是第一辆运行于我市的双层公交车。)

  2、关系代词在从句中作主语时一般用who(指人)、that(指物),而不用that指人或用which指物。

  如:Do you know the woman who is weeping in the corner? (你认识那个在角落里哭泣的女人吗?) / Do not tell me any words that have nothing to do with me. (跟我无关的话,请一个字也不要说。)

  3、关系代词作从句的宾语时,常用which或whom,较少使用that或who,而且,关系代词常常省略。

  如:Tom’s father was the first parent whom our teacher talked to. (Tom的父亲是我们老师第一个谈话的人。)

  4、当关系代词紧跟在介词后面时,必须用which或whom,而当介词移到句尾时,则又可以使用that或who.

  如:This is the room in which Miss Li once lived. (= This is the room Miss Li once lived in.) (这是李小姐曾经居住过的房间。)

  (5) 主语从句:在句子中充当句子主语的从句叫主语从句。位于谓语动词之前。通常由that,whether以及疑问连词引导。一般情况下,常用it替代主语从句,而将主语从句移到句尾。如:When we should start is still a question. (我们该在什么时候开始还是个问题呢。)

  直接引语和间接引语

  1、直接引语和间接引语:在陈述句中,直接引用说话人原来的语句,称为直接引语。在书写时,直接引语用引号。用自己的词语来转述表达原来说话人说的内容,称为间接引语。

  2、直接引语改变为间接引语:

  1、直接引语如果是陈述句,变为间接引语时应注意以下各点:

  ①不用引号,而用连接词that,但有时可省略。

  ②人称作相应变化;

  ③主句里的动词如果是过去时,间接引语中的时态一般应作相应改变: 一般现在时变一般过去时;一般将来时变过去将来时;现在进行时变过去进行时;现在完成时变成过去完成时;一般过去时变成过去完成时;但一般过去时如与一个具体的过去时间连用,则时态不变。

  如:He says,"I am not from the USA.”→He says that he is not from the USA.

  Mr Smith said to his girl friend,“ I haven’ t seen you for a long time.”

  →Mr Smith said to his girl friend that he had not seen her for a long time.

  2、直接引语如果是一般疑问句,变为间接引语时,需用从属连接词whether或if引导,词序要改变。如:Lin Tao said to Miss Green, "Is it made in China?” →Lin Tao asked Miss Green if it was made in China.

  3、直接引语如果是特殊疑问句,变为间接引语时,需用疑问词引导,词序是:连词+主语+谓语。

  如:Lucy said to me, “How can I help?” →Lucy asked me how she could help.

  4、直接引语如是祈使句,变间接引语时,须将祈使句变为动词不定式,并在动词不定式前用tell, ask, order. 如:He said to the little boy,“ Come here, young man! ”

  →He asked the little boy to go there.

  5、直接引语变为间接引语时,指示代词以及表示时间和地点的词或词组应作相应变化

  倒装句: 谓语的一部分或者全部放在主语之前的句子称为倒装句。

  1、THERE BE句型以及以here、there开头的句子。如: There are a lot of children in the showroom. (在展览室里有许多的小孩。)/ Here comes the bus. (公交车来了。) / There goes the bell. (铃响了。) / The door opened and in came Mr Lee. (门开了,李先生走了进来。)

  2、用“So / Nor / Neither + 助动词 + 主语”倒装结构表示第二个人物的情况与上文的人物情况相同。如:Tom went to the beach last week, and, so did I. (Tom上个星期去了海滩,我也是。) / Li Mei’s bought nothing from the shop. Neither has Jim. (李梅没有在店里买什么,Jim也没有买。)

  3、在疑问句中,通常使用在主语之前安放助动词的倒装方法,对主语提问除外。如:How did he find the lost book? (他是怎么样找到丢失的书的?) / Where are they going to spend the summer vacation? (他们打算到哪儿过暑假?)

  4、感叹句中通常将被感叹的部分前移,而将句子的主谓语整体后置。 如:What a beautiful flower (it is)! (那是多漂亮的花!)

  5、有引号引用某人的原话时,引号外面的主谓一般采用倒装形式放在句尾,但是,若主语是代词则不倒装。如:“What on earth are you doing up there?” said the father. (父亲说:“你在上边到底干什么?”) / “What on earth are you doing up there?”he said. (他说:“你在上边到底干什么?”)

  附加注释

  die、dead、death的用法:die是动词,可以独立做谓语,有各种时态变化,也可以变成非谓语形式作句子的其他成分;dead是形容词,作句子的定语、表语或宾语补足语;death是名词,作句子的主语、宾语等。如:I’m going to die! (我要死了!) / The man has been dead for about three months. (那个人死了三个月左右。) / He is worried to death. (他急得要死。)

  [责任编辑:moninfu]

 

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